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Glossary

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Glossary

Active Perl

A popular software implementation of the Perl Language from Active State. It supports Windows platforms as well as Solaris and LINUX.



Active Server Page (ASP)

A specification from Microsoft to write server script. When a browser requests an ASP page, the Web server generates a page with HTML/XHTML code and sends it back to the browser. By convention, ASP files end with .asp as the file extension.



ActiveX

A set of technologies developed by Microsoft based on Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) and Component Object Model (COM). ActiveX allows special features such as calling and embedding an application within another among Microsoft products.



ActiveX Data Objects (ADO)

A high-level interface from Microsoft for data objects. ADO is used to provide a consistent way of accessing data regardless of how the data are structured.



American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

Founded in 1918, ANSI is a voluntary organization composed of over 1,300 members that creates standards for the computer industry.



America Online (AOL)

A commercial organization offers subscribers a connection to the Internet.

See also [Internet service provider]


American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)

An 8-bit character set defining alphanumeric characters. For example, the ASCII code for character A is 65. ASCII is widely used to represent English characters on computers.



Animated GIF (GIF89a)

A type of GIF image that contains several images in a single GIF file. By cycling through each image, animation is achieved. It has become extremely popular on the Web because it is small and supported by nearly all Web browsers. By convention, animated GIF files usually end with a .gif file extension.



Apache

A public domain Web server package developed by a group of volunteers. Apache is free with sophisticated features and excellent performance. It is used to host more than 50% of all Web sites in the world.



Applet

An applet is a small program designed to run within another application. Once applets are downloaded from the Web they can be executed quickly by the user's browser.



Application layer

The interface layer that establishes communication rights to other applications and can initiate a connection between two applications.



Application Programming Interface (API)

A set of routines or functions that are available to developers and applications to provide specific services used by a system.



ASP.NET

A Microsoft server-side Web technology to develop Web pages. Unlike ASP, an ASP.NET page is compiled into an intermediate language by a .NET common language run-time-compliant compiler and then to a native machine code to run. By convention ASP.NET files end with .aspx as the file extension.



Asynchronous

Communications without a regular time basis allowing transmission at unequal rates.



Audio Video Interleaved (AVI)

A standard system from Microsoft for integrating sound and vision for Windows into a single file for computer storage. By convention AVI files usually end with .avi as the file extension.



Bandwidth

The amount of data that can be transmitted through a medium in a fixed amount of time. For digital devices, the bandwidth is usually expressed in bits per second (bps) or bytes per second. For analog devices, the bandwidth is expressed in cycles per second, or hertz (Hz).



Binary digit (Bit)

The most basic unit used by computers. A single bit can hold only one of two values, 0 or 1. More meaningful values are obtained by combining consecutive bits into larger units.



Bit rate

The rate that bits are transmitted over a network, usually expressed in seconds.



Bitmap (BMP)

The standard graphics and image format used in the Windows environment. By convention, BMP files usually end with a .bmp file extension.



Broadcast

The simultaneous transmission of the same data to all nodes connected to a network.



Browser
See [Web browser]
Browserserver interaction

The dialog and operations between a Web server and browser.



Buffer

A memory area used for handling input and output.



Bytecode

The compiled format for Java source programs. Once a Java program has been converted to bytecode, it can be transferred across a network and executed by JVM or JRE. By convention, Java bytecode files end with a .class file extension.



Cascading Style Sheet (CSS)

A feature added to HTML/XHTML that provides more control over how pages are displayed. With CSS, designers and users can create structural style sheets that define how elements appear. These style sheets can then be used again and applied to any Web page.



Certificate (or digital certificate)

An attachment to an electronic message used for security purposes. The common purpose of a digital certificate is to verify the identity of the sender.



Certification Authority (CA)

A trusted third-party organization or company that issues digital certificates. The CA guarantees that the identity of the party in the certificate is genuine.



Character DATA (CDATA)

For HTML/XHTML documents, this means "don't interpret these characters."



Client

A computer or device on a network that calls another computer for resources.



Client script

Sometimes called client-side script. Client scripts are usually embedded into an HTML/XHTML document and run by the Web browser to generate special or dynamic features. ECMAScript is the standard for developing client script.

See also [Server script]


Collaboration Data Objects (CDO)

A high-level set of COM objects that allow easy access to email systems embedded in Microsoft Windows products.



Collaboration Data Objects for NT Server (CDONTS)

A library of functions interfacing with a Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) server to handle email.



Common Gateway Interface (CGI)

A specification for transferring information between a program on a Web server and a Web client.



Common Gateway Interface application (CGI application)

Any program on a Web server accepting and returning data that conform to the CGI specification. CGI applications can be written by many programming languages such as C/C++, Perl, ASP, and PHP. CGI scripts are CGI applications.



Common Gateway Interface script (CGI script)

The scripts on a Web server that can generate HTML/XHTML code back to a browser. Perl, ASP, and PHP are languages that can be used to write CGI scripts.



Component Object Model (COM)

A specification developed by Microsoft for building software components that can be assembled into programs or add functionality to existing programs running on Microsoft Windows platforms.



Connection

A link between two or more computers, processes, applications, devices, networks, and so on. Connections may be logical, physical, or both.



Connection oriented

A type of network service in which the Transport Layer Protocol sends acknowledgments to the sender regarding incoming data. Data will be retransmitted if necessary.



Console window

An application of the operating system that allows you to type commands and communicate with the operating system using the keyboard.



Cookie

A message from a Web server computer, sent to and stored by the browser on your computer. The message is then sent back to the server each time the browser requests a page from the server.



Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)

The time scale based on the Earth's inconsistent rotation rate and highly accurate atomic time. When atomic time and Earth time approach a 1 second difference, a leap second is introduced into UTC.



Cryptography

A general term for the encryption and decryption methods used for data transmission and protection.



Data Source Name (DSN)

A piece of information that links an embedded database query to a specific database on a server.



Database Interface (DBI)

Perl's abstract database interface which supports any database product with a database driver.



Database management systems (DBMS)

The software that allows you to construct, modify, and maintain a database. DBMS provide the link between user and data.



Database server

A computer system used to process database queries.



Document Object Model (DOM)

The standard specification from W3C for how objects in a Web page (text, images, headers, links, etc.) are represented. The DOM defines what attributes are associated with each object, and how the objects and attributes can be manipulated.



Document Type Definition (DTD)

This states the syntax of tags, elements, and attributes to ensure that all documents are formatted the same way.



Domain Name System (DNS)

An Internet service that translates names into IP addresses. Every time you use a name such as www.pwt-ex.com on the Internet, DNS is used to translate it to an IP address.



Dynamic Extensible Hyper Text Markup Lanaguage (DXHTML)

An XHTML page with dynamic features such as moving objects, interaction with users, and automation. There is no formal standard and specification for DXHTML.



Dynamic Hyper Text Markup Lanaguage (DHTML)

An HTML page with dynamic features such as moving objects, interaction with users, and automation. There is no formal standard and specification for DHTML.



ECMAScript (ECMA262)

A standard scripting language developed by ECMA and based on JavaScript. ECMAScript is supported by all major browsers such as IE, NS, and Opera.



E-commerce

Conducting business online. This includes, for example, buying and selling products on the Internet.



Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)

The transfer of data between different companies using networks, such as the Internet. ANSI has approved a set of EDI standards known as the X12 standards.



Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT)

At the point of sale, this is a system which takes money straight out of your bank account when you pay for something with your plastic card.



Element

For HTML, element refers to the name you usually put inside a tag (e.g., <...>). All elements in XHTML should have an end tag (e.g., </...>).



Email

Electronic messages transmitted on a network. It is a general term for electronic mail or Internet mail.



European Computer Manufacturers Association (ECMA)

An organization that sets computer standards in Europe.



Event

Any input and/or interaction caused by the user, which could be keystrokes, button clicks, or the position of the mouse pointer.



Event handler

A routine inside an application to be triggered by an event such as a mouse click.



Event listener

A routine inside an application to listen to any event generated by the user.



Extensible Hyper Text Markup Language (XHTML)

A language similar to HTML with XML syntax. XHTML is recommended by the W3C authority for creating documents on the World Wide Web.



Extensible Markup Language (XML)

A specification developed by the W3C for Web pages. It allows designers to create their own customized elements.



Extensible Style Language Transformation (XSLT)

The language used in XSL style sheets to transform XML documents into other documents such as HTML, XHTML, and XML.



File server

A computer or device on a network dedicated to storing files and providing file services to users.



File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

The protocol used on the Internet for sending and receiving files.



Gateway

A networking device that translates protocols of one type of network into those of another network.



Gnu Privacy Guard (GnuPG)

A freely available software package provides a complete implementation of the Open Pretty Good Privacy (OpenPGP) standard (IEFT RFC 2440).



Graphical User Interface (GUI)

A program interface that uses the graphics capabilities of the computer to make the program easier to use.



Graphics Interchange Format (GIF)

A bitmap graphics format from CompuServe to transfer images between different computers. A GIF picture is limited to 256 colors and is more effective for scanned images such as drawings and illustrations. By convention, GIF files usually end with a .gif file extension.



Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)

The internationally accepted standard time. GMT is the local time in Greenwich. For example, the time zone of the Philippines is 0000 GMT (+ 8) = 8.00 am. That is, 8 hours ahead of GMT time.



Hexadecimal

A base 16 number system consisting of 16 unique symbols: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, and F. For example, hexadecimal F represents the value 15 in decimal and FF is 255 in decimal.



Host
See [Web server]
Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML)

A language originally developed by Tim Berners-Lee and later adopted as a standard to create documents on the World Wide Web.



Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

The underlying protocol defining how messages are formatted and transmitted on the Web, and what actions Web servers and browsers should take in respond to various commands.



Hyperlink

A feature that allows an element in an electronic document to be linked to another place in the same or another document.



Integrated Service Digital Network (ISDN)

A set of standards for integrating multiple services such as voice, data, video, etc.



Internet

Sometimes called the TCP/IP network, this is the vast collection of interconnected networks that all use the TCP/IP suite.



Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)

The main standards organization for the Internet concerned with Internet architecture and operations. It is open to anyone who is interested.



Internet Explorer (IE)

The Web browser developed by Microsoft for Windows platforms. IE is the most popular browser used on the Web.



Internet Information Services (IIS)

Microsoft's Web server that runs on Windows platforms. IIS comes bundled with Windows NT, 2000 Professional, and XP Professional.



Internet Service Provider (ISP)

A company that provides services and access to the Internet.



IP address (or IP number)

A unique number consisting of four parts separated by dots, e.g., 165.113.223.2 Each part can have values from 0 to 255. For the TCP/IP network (or Internet), IP addresses can be used to uniquely identify a computer on the network.



ITU Telecommunications Standardization Sector (ITU-T)

ITU-T is a permanent part of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis.



J2SDK

A Java development environment from Sun Microsystems used to develop Java applications. It converts Java source file to bytecode to be executed by the JVM and JRE.



Java

A high-level programming language developed by Sun Microsystems. Java is an object-oriented language similar to C++, but simplified to eliminate language features that cause common programming errors. By convention, Java program files end with a .java file extension.



Java applet

Refers to the applet written in the Java language. By convention, Java program files end with a .class file extension.



Java Media Framework (JMF)

A package developed by Sun Microsystems for programmers to develop multimedia applications using the Java language.



Java Player

An application written in the Java language and developed by Sun Microsystems to handle (including playback) multimedia files such as sound, video, and movie. Java Player can be used to capture live video. It is supported on all major platforms such as Windows, MacOS, and UNIX/LINUX.



Java Runtime Environment (JRE)

A run time environment developed by Sun Microsystems to convert Java bytecode into machine language and execute it locally.



Java Vitural Machine (JVM)

An abstract computing machine, or virtual machine, JVM is a platform-independent execution environment that converts Java bytecode into machine language and executes it locally.



JavaScript

A scripting language developed by Netscape to enable Web authors to design interactive Web pages. JavaScript can be embedded in and interact with HTML/XHTML source code. JavaScript is not Java they are different.



Joint Photographic Expert Group (JPEG or JPG)

JPEG is a lossy compression technique for color images. Image files in JPEG or JPG format are only about a tiny fraction (5%) of their original size. It is popular to transfer them on the Internet. By convention, JPEG files usually end with a .jpeg or .jpg file extension.



JScript

Microsoft's implementation of ECMAScript (ECMA262), an international standard based on JavaScript.



Leased line

A dedicated communication line between two points. It is usually used by organizations to connect computers over a dedicated network medium or telephone circuit.



LINUX

An implementation of UNIX that runs on PCs and many other platforms. It was developed mainly by Linus Torvalds. LINUX is freely distributable with open source code.



Local Area Network (LAN)

A network of computers and devices that spans a relatively small area. With LAN many users can share devices.



Mail agent

An electronic mail program that helps end users manage messages. Microsoft's Outlook Express is a mail agent.



Mail client

A front end email application used to compose, send, and receive electronic mail (email).



Mail exchanger

A system used to relay mail into a network.



Markup language (ML)

A language that has codes for indicating layout and styling such as bold face, italics, and paragraphs within a text file. Widely used markup languages include Standard General Markup Language (SGML), Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML), and Extensible Hyper Text Markup Language (XHTML).



Medium Access Unit (MAU)

A device for the central connection of devices operating on a network.



Metacharacter

A specific character within a text file that signals the need for special handling; in HTML angle brackets (< ), ampersand (&), hash sign (#), and semi-colon (;) are metacharacters.



Micro-browser

A browser in a handheld wireless device (e.g., mobile phone) that can be used to locate and display Wireless Markup Language (WML) pages on the Mobile Internet.



Microsoft Outlook Express

A mail client application developed by Microsoft.



Mobile business (m-business)

Conducting business on handheld wireless devices.



Mobile Internet

A system of interconnected networks that allows a handheld wireless device (e.g., mobile phone) to use the network resources.



Mobile Internet Toolkit (MIT)

A software package used to develop Wireless Markup Language (WML) pages on the Mobile Internet.



Modem (modulatordemodulator)

A device that converts digital signals into analog signals and vice versa. Used for conversion of signals for transmission over telephone lines.



Mouse event

A general term referring to operations and actions related to the pointing device (mouse).



Moving Picture Expert Group (MPEG or MPG)

A working group of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) to set standards for digital audio and video compression. MPEG or MPG compression formats are widely used in compact discs (CDs), video compact discs (VCDs), and digital video discs (DVDs). By convention, MPEG files usually end with an .mpeg or .mpg file extension.



MPEG Layer 3 Format (MP3)

One of three coding schemes (Layer 1, Layer 2, and Layer 3) for the compression of audio or sound signals. By removing all signals the human ear can't detect, it compresses more than 10 times that of layer 2.



Multimedia

The use of computers to present text, graphics, sound, video, movies, and animation in a unifying way. Nearly all PCs are now capable of multimedia features up to a certain level depending on the power of the computer's video adapter and CPU.



Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (MIME)

A specification for formatting non-ASCII messages so that graphics, audio, and video can be sent over the Internet.



Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI or MID)

A standard adopted by the electronic music industry for controlling devices, such as synthesizers and sound cards, that emit music. By convention MIDI files usually end with a .midi or .mid file extension.



MySQL

A popular Structured Query Language (SQL) database server from MySQL AB. MySQL is free, distributable, open source software and available on all major platforms including Windows, Solaris, and LINUX.



Name resolution

The process of mapping names or nodes to an IP address. The Domain Name System (DNS) is one system that does this.



.NET

Microsoft's framework for Web-based services and component software. The design of .NET is to transform the Internet into a single computing experience regardless of programming languages or operating systems.



Netscape browser (NS)

The Web browser developed by Netscape Communications. It runs on all the major platforms such as Windows, MacOS, and UNIX/LINUX.



Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP)

The protocol used to post, distribute, and retrieve USENET messages. The official specification is RFC 977.



Network service

An operating system process that operates continuously and unattended to perform a service over a network. The TCP/IP network uses several network services to establish communications processes and provide server facilities.



Node

For the TCP/IP network, a term refering to network devices. For Web pages, node represents a branch of elements in the sense of the Document Object Model (DOM).



Object Linking and Embedding (OLE)

A technique used in the Microsoft Windows GUI. Object is a piece of information in an application. Embedding is the act of copying the object from one application to another. Linking provides an invisible link between the copied object and its original.



Object Linking and Embedding Database (OLE DB)

Refers to a database system with OLE capabilities.



Open Database Connectivity (ODBC)

A standard database access method developed by Microsoft. The goal of ODBC is to make it possible to access data from any database products regardless of manufacturer.



Open Pretty Good Privacy (Open PGP)

An encryption standard based on Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) widely used on email. Open PGP is defined by the OpenPGP Working Group of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standard RFC 2440.



Open Source Initiative (OSI)

An international organization to promote open source software that is completely free, and distributable with source code. Some famous products of OSI on the Web are Apache, Perl, and sendmail.



Opera:

A popular Web browser from Opera Software. Opera is small, fast, and available for all major platforms including Windows, Solaris, and LINUX.



Packet

In the TCP/IP network, a term referring to the data passing between the Internet layer and the data link layer. Also a generic term used to refer to data transferred through a network.



Parsed Character Data (PC DATA)

For HTML/XHTML documents, the entities or texts that should be expanded by applications such as a Web browser and processed as HTML/XHTML texts and commands.



PerlScript

The script engine from Active Perl to allow the Perl language to be used in Active Server Page (ASP).



Personal Data Assistant (PDA)

A handheld device that combines computing, telephone/fax, Internet, and networking features.



Personal Web Server (PWS)

The Web server software from Microsoft used mainly on Windows 9.x platforms.



PHP Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP)

PHP is a server-side, HTML embedded scripting language used to create dynamic Web pages. PHP has built-in support for database applications on the Web. By convention, PHP files end with a .php file extension.



Plugin (or Plug-in)

A piece of hardware or a software module that adds a specific feature or service to a larger system. On the Web, plugins are used to enhance the functionalities of Web browsers such as playing back video files.



Port

A number used to identify TCP/IP applications. Generally a port is an entry or exit point.



Post Office Protocol (POP)

A protocol used to retrieve email from a mail server. There are two versions of POP. The first, called POP2, requires SMTP to send messages. The POP3 version can be used with or without SMTP.



Practical Extraction and Report Language (Perl)

Perl is a programming language developed by Larry Wall, especially designed for processing text. Because of its strong text processing abilities, Perl has become one of the most popular languages for writing CGI scripts. By convention, Perl files end with a .pl file extension.



Pretty Good Privacy (PGP)

A method developed by Phil Zimmermann to encrypt or disguise computer information so that it can be securely transmitted over a network.



Private key

The digital key that is kept secret in a public-key cryptographic structure.

See also [Public-key cryptography]


Protocol

Rules governing the behavior or method of operation.



Public key

The digital key mode available to the public in a public-key cryptographic structure.

See also [Public-key cryptography]


Public-key cryptography

A cryptographic technique that uses two digital keys, a public key known to everyone and a private or secret key to keep secret. When, say, John wants to send a secure message to Mary, he uses Mary's public key to encrypt the message. Only Mary or the owner of the corresponding secret key can decrypt the message.



Public-Key Infrastructure (PKI)

A system of digital certificates, Certification Authorities, and other registration authorities that verify and authenticate the validity of each party involved in an Internet transaction.



Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP)

An Internet protocol on top of the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) for transmitting real-time data such as audio and video. RTP itself does not guarantee real-time delivery of data, nor to arrive at all. It is used primarily for broadcasting messages over a network.



RealPlayer

Formerly known as RealAudio, this is a browser plugin that lets you listen to or view sound or video as it is downloaded to your computer.



Relational database management system (RDBMS)

A database management system that can handle several different database files at the same time, allowing the user to link the files of related data.



Remote Procedure Call (RPC)

A TCP/IP feature that provides a routine to call a server, which returns output and status codes to the client.



Request For Comments (RFC)

Publications from the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) which detail the Internet's standards.



Resource package module (RPM)

A software management package. RPM allows you to install, uninstall, upgrade, and maintain a database of installed software packages on your system.



Router

A device that connects LANs to the Internet and routes traffic between them.



Script

Similar to a macro or batch file, a script is a list of commands or simple functions that can be executed without user interaction. Scripts are popular on the Web to create dynamic features.

See also [Client script]
See also [Server script]


Scripting language

The programming language you can use to write scripts. ECMAScript (for client script), VBScript, ASP, PHP, and Perl are some of the scripting languages on the Web.



Search engine

A program that searches documents for specified keywords and returns a list of the documents where the keywords were found. A search engine is an important tool for distributing and searching Web sites.



Secure Electronic Transfer (SET)

A standard used by major credit card companies to set up secure credit card transactions on the Internet. SET allows your credit card number to go direct to the credit card company without being seen by the merchant.



Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)

A protocol developed by Netscape to set up a public-key cryptography connection on the Web. SSL allows a Web browser to locate and display a Web page in secure mode. The Web browser and server, in this case, are performing encryption/decryption using public-key technologies online.



Server

A computer or device on a network that manages network resources. Usually, servers are set up on a network to provide services to clients.

See also [File server]
See also [Database server]
See also [Web server]


Server script

Scripts to be run by a server. Most server scripts are CGI script and used to generate HTML/XHTML documents and return them to a browser. Perl, ASP, and PHP are languages used to write server scripts.



Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

A protocol for sending email messages between servers. Most email systems that send mail over the Internet use SMTP to send messages from one server to another.



Socket

In the TCP/IP network, an addressable point that consists of an IP address and a TCP or UDP port number that provides applications with access to TCP/IP.



Socket address

The complete designation of a TCP/IP node consisting of a 32-bit IP address and a 16-bit port number.



SQL database

The database systems that use the SQL language.



Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML)

A specification from the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) for organizing and tagging elements of a document. SGML specifies the rules for tagging elements and contains no particular formatting features.



Structured Query Language (SQL)

A standardized query language for requesting information from a database. It is defined by ANSI and the resulting file of data should be transferable to other databases.



Synchronous

The transfer of data between two devices on a network at a timed rate (as opposed to asynchronously).



Tag

For HTML/XHTML, tag is a command (e.g., <...>) inserted in a document that specifies how the document, or a portion of the document, should be formatted.



TCP/IP network

The network using the TCP and IP suite. TCP guarantees data transmission; IP deals with packets and address. TCP/IP networks are generally called Internet.



Traffic

A general term used to describe the amount of data on a network.



Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

One of the main protocols in TCP/IP networks. TCP enables two hosts to establish a connection and exchange data. It guarantees delivery of data and also that packets will be delivered in the same order in which they were sent. Data will be retransmitted if necessary.



Transport Layer Security (TLS)

Based on Netscape's SSL 3.0, TLS is an extension of SSL.



Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)

The generic term for all types of global names and addresses that refer to objects on the Web. A URL is one kind of URI.



Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

The global address of documents and other resources on the Web. For example, http://www.pwt-ex.com/ex01-01.htm and ftp://www.pwt-ex.com/ex01-01.htm are two URLs to identify the same file on the Web.



Universal Data Access (UDA)

A high-level specification developed by Microsoft for accessing data objects regardless of their structure.



UNIX

An operating system written by Ken Thompson of Bell Labs and used for mainframes and minicomputers. It is now available for personal computers (PCs).



USENET

A world-wide network of systems (part of the Internet) with thousands of newsgroups. Users can post messages and read messages among newsgroups.



User agent

A device that interprets HTML or other Web documents. The most commonly used user agents are Web browsers on computer screens.



User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

A connectionless protocol that, like TCP, runs on top of IP networks. Unlike TCP/IP or Internet, UDP does not perform retransmission of data. It is used primarily for broadcasting messages over a network where the loss of some video data is not very important.



VBScript

A scripting language developed by Microsoft and supported by Microsoft's IE browser family. VBScript is a simplified version of the Visual Basic programming language.



WAP Cascading Style Sheet (WCSS)

A specification from WAP. It specifies a subset of CSS2 with WAP specific extensions. WCSS can be used to style XML, XHTML-Basic, and WML 2.0 documents.



Waveform (WAV)

The sound file format developed jointly by Microsoft and IBM and supported by all Windows platforms. By convention, Waveform files are usually end with a .wav file extension.



Web

A community of Internet servers that support HTML/XHTML formatted documents. The documents or Web pages support a feature that links to other documents, as well as graphics, audio, and video files.



Web browser

A software application used to locate and display Web pages on the Internet.



Web client

A computer or device running a Web browser to request network resources.



Web page

A document on the Web. Every Web page is identified by a unique address called the uniform resource locator (URL).



Web server

A machine running server software such as Apache or IIS, assigned an IP address, and connected to the Internet so that it can provide documents on the Web. A Web server is sometimes called a host computer.



Web site

A Web server with a global unique URL.



Web site address

Refers to the IP address (such as 165.181.109.11) of the host computer or the name (such as www.pwt-ex.com) that can be translated into an IP address.



Wide Area Network (WAN)

A system of LANs networked together.



Windows Media Player (WMP)

An application developed by Microsoft to handle (including playback) multimedia files such as sound, video, and movies. WMP is mainly used on Windows platforms and can capture live video.



Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)

A protocol that defines the development and operating environment for handheld wireless devices such as mobile phones, pagers, and PDAs. WAP uses a lighter version of the TCP/IP suite for transmission between devices.



Wireless Application Protocol Forum (WAP Forum)

The authority that create standards for wireless devices and applications. The Wireless Markup Language (WML) specification was set by the WAP Forum.



Wireless Markup Language (WML)

The standard language used to develop documents especially for small and low-bandwidth devices such as mobile phones with limited processing power and a small screen.



Wireless Markup Language page (WML page)

A document written in the Wireless Markup Language (WML). A WML page can be located and displayed by a handheld wireless device with a micro-browser.



Wireless Markup Language Script (WMLScript)

A specification that can be used to write scripts and work with Wireless Markup Language (WML) pages.



Wireless Telephony Application Interface (WTAI)

A specification from the WAP Forum describing standard telephony-specific extensions including Wireless Markup Language (WML) and Wireless Markup Language Script (WMLScript).



World Wide Web
See [Web]
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

Founded by Tim Berners-Lee in 1994, this is an international consortium of companies to set standards on the Web.



WYSIWYG

Stands for "what you see is what you get" and refers to programs that show on a screen exactly what will appear when a document is printed.



XHTML-Basic

A simplified version of XHTML used in version 2 of the Wireless Markup Language (WML 2.0).



XML Schema Definition (XSD)

A specification from W3C for Extensible Markup Language (XML) definition and including both structural and data type standards.



XML Style Sheet Language (XSL)

A standard specification by W3C for separating style from content. With XSL and XSLT, an XML document can be transformed into other document formats such as HTML for display on browsers.



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